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When the UK was given an opium ban, he made profits by taking tolls and helping to get through. Making huge profits, he became the No. 2 in Russell & Co. In 1839, when the Opium War started in full swing, he also accomplished the first military trade between the US and China. He succeeded in selling the 900-ton British warship to Lin Zexu.
Although they illegally accumulated wealth through opium smuggling, it is interesting that they, at least, spent their profits on something good. They massively invested in industrialization and social development in the United States. They built the American railway company and the largest textile complex. They also built world-class hospitals (Massachusetts General Hospital and Manhattan's Hospital for Special Surgery) and the Perkins Institution for the Blind.
Much of the land and the development fund of Yale University, the Low Memorial Library of Columbia University, and Princeton University (three buildings financed by the largest scale donation at the time) also benefited from opium profits. The Council on Foreign Relations was also founded by opium smugglers and their heirs.
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